29 February 2008

SILENTKEY : 9W2MRT

Kita kehilangan seorang lagi rakan ham iaitu 9W2MRT, MOHAMAD TALIB BIN ABDUL SAMAH daripada Temerloh, Pahang yang telah kembali ke Rahmahtullah pada pukul 15:03 ( 3:03 petang ) Hari Jumaat 29 Februari 2008 bersamaan 21 Safar 1429.

Saya sempat QSO dengan arwah ketika saya dalam kesusahan sewaktu Lebuhraya Pantai Timur dekat Karak ditutup pada tahun lepas dan terpaksa melalui jalan alternatif hampir 2 jam ikut ladang kelapa sawit. Beliaulah menyahut panggilan saya serta menemani saya ketika itu.

Walaupun saya tidak mengenali arwah, namun atas semangat setia kawan dalam radio amatur merapatkan sillaturahim antara saya dengan arwah. Jasa arwah akan saya kenang buat selamanya.

Marilah bersama-sama kita mensedekahkan Al-fatihah semoga rohnya ditempatkan dikalangan orang-orang yang beriman dan solehin.

Al Fatihah de 9w2aam.

27 February 2008

Base Station vs QTH

Sering kali saya terdengar dikalangan rakan-rakan yang sedang ke udara di Pengulang atau Simpleks (Simplex), mengenal pasti rumah (Alamat kediaman seperti dalam AA) sebagai QTH dan ada juga menyebut “Home Base”. Jika dipandang sepintas lalu ianya betul pada amnya, tiada menjadi kesalahan selagi ianya difahami oleh rakan-rakan yang lain.

Merujuk kepada buku panduan “Guidelines For Amateur Radio In Malaysia” yang dikeluarkan oleh MCMC ada menerangkan mengenai jenis-jenis stesyen yang dikendalikan oleh pemegang lesen Radio Amatur: Petikan seperti berikut:-

a) The ASAA holder is permitted to install and operate any of the following amateur radio stations:

i) Amateur Radio Base Station - defined as station that is operated as per the address stated in the ASAA;
ii) Amateur Radio Mobile Station - defined as station that is operated while it is in the moving, such as in the car;
iii) Amateur Radio Portable Station - defined as station that is operated away from the registered address in the ASAA for certain duration of time; and
iv) Amateur Radio Earth Station - defined as station that working with an amateur radio satellites.

Base Station.

Menerangkan anda sedang berkomunikasi dari rumah anda seperti yang tercatat dalam ASAA (Amateur Station Apparatus Assignment) yang dikeluarkan oleh MCMC.

Mobile Station.

Menerangkan anda sedang berkomunikasi dari dalam kenderaan yang sedang bergerak diluar kawasan alamat yang tercatat dalam ASAA anda. Contoh: Dalam kereta atau atas motosikal.

Portable Station.

Menerangkan anda beroperasi dari stesyen sementara yang berada bukan dialamat yang didaftarkan dalam ASAA anda untuk jangkamasa tertentu. Contoh: Rumah keluarga di kampung.

Earth Station.

Stesyen yang menjalankan komunikasi menggunakan Satelit Amatur.

Pada amnya pengkelasan jenis stesyen tersebut sudah mencukupi untuk mengenal pasti jenis stesyen yang akan anda kendalikan, bukan mengkelasifikasikan mengikut jenis peralatan yang anda gunakan.

Panggunaan “Handy” atau “Walkie Talkie” tetap dikelasifikasi mengikut kreteria seperti di atas bukannya “Portable“. Manakala “Mobile” tetap disebut “Mobile” jika anda masih di dalam kenderaan anda, kecuali anda keluarkan radio anda dari kenderaan dan mula beroperasi dalam jangka masa tertentu barulah disebut “Portable“, tiada penerangan mengenai “Mobile Static” atau “Stationery Mobile“.

QTH.

Dalam bentuk percakapan (Jargon) lebih merujukan kepada kedudukan semasa atau pertanyaan. Jika pertanyaan mengengenai lokasi rumah anda, ia tetap disebut; Dimana “Base Station” anda?, kalau merujuk kepada lokasi; Dimana QTH anda sekarang, terima audio anda 4 dan 7?

Pada amnya QTH amat sesuai digunakan untuk mengenal pasti lokasi atau keadaan tempat yang tidak kekal atau berubah-rubah, manakala “Base Station“, “Mobile Station“, “Portable Station” dan “Earth Station” adalah untuk keadaan atau lokasi yang kekal walaupun untuk jangkamasa yang pendek.

Source: 9W2bba dan diedit oleh 9W2aam

FLEA MARKET DATANG LAGI!!!!!!!!!!

Flea market yang akan datang adalah seperti di bawah:

Tarikh : 2 March 2008
Masa : 9.00 pagi - 3.00ptg
Hari : Ahad
Tempat : Kelab House MARES,
4A Jalan Tinggi 6/12 Seksyen 6 46000, Petaling Jaya.

Bersempatan dengan itu juga pada Flea Market Ahad nih juga akan berlangsung Talk dan kelas Teknikal bagi semua rakyat jelata MARES dan Pengiat Hobi ini terutamanya mereka yang baru sahaja mendapat Tiket untuk ke udara serta yang dah lama dapat Tiket tapi belum pernah terbang lagi. Ini kerana di dalam talk akan di bincangkan mengenai perkara-perkara asas yang penting dan perlu diambil perhatian bagi rakan-rakan yang baru mendapat lesen.

Talk ini akan dikendalikan oleh Presiden MARES sendiri iaitu 9M2AU, abg Aziz sendiri. Jadi jangan lepaskan peluang ini. Jemputlah datang beramai ramai ke Talk tersebut. Jumpa anda semua di sana....!!!!

De 9M2SQL 73, all the best. Mengundilah Untuk MARES!!!!

Jom kita meriahkan flea market ni, bukan senang dapat tips dari 9M2AU!!!! de 9w2aam

24 February 2008

Radio club prepares to support city with emergency communications

The recently reorganized, Lake Area Amateur Radio Klub (LAARK), met Feb. 12 to discuss the uses of amateur radio in The Colony.

“When all else fails” is a common motto when radio operators are answering the question of “Why do you do this?”

“I have had to point out to officials that in an emergency you can’t depend on cell phones, office phones, or even the internet,” said Bill Cunningham, President of LAARK. “When hurricane Katrina hit the gulf states there were none of the services available. Even the 911 system was out of service because it was overloaded. If you wanted to talk to anyone inside or outside of the disaster area then it had to be done with radio.”

Amateur Radio, also called ham radio, depends on radio waves and allows for long distance communications without depending on any of the local services, according to Cunningham. “The only thing we need to communicate is power, and we can get that from generators or even batteries,” Cunningham said.

The presentation for the club was being provided by Gerald Marchant of the Denton County Office of Emergency Management. Marchant spoke on the services that the County Emergency Management Office provided to city and county residents.

“What should we do as a club or resident to help The Colony in case of an emergency,” asked William Howard of The Colony. “You should contact the Denton County Emergency Management office and volunteer your services. When a city is involved in a disaster, one of the first communications made is to the county office for support. We have a list of hams in the area and start an emergency response. We assign people to provide communications for police, fire, and city offices,” Marchant said.

“Depending on how wide spread the disaster we will even put communications support in the hospitals, and red cross offices,” he said “We need the hams so we can support the entire county, we can’t build a big enough internal support group and must use the radio clubs in the communities.”

After the presentation the club members discussed other aspects of the hobby. Hot subject of discussion was “DXing”, a contest to see how many people from other states and countries you can contact, building antennas with simple things found around the house to comply with a Home Owners Association, and the use of the club’s repeater.

The repeater is a piece of equipment radio operators use to cover large areas with small radios. A user can transmit to a repeater and the signal will be repeated at a much higher power to cover a larger area. When they talk about it with someone new it sounds more like a code, “The repeater is on 147.380 with a positive offset and a pl of 110.9,” said Dave Adkisson. While it sounds complicated, that is something that is learned while getting the first license level, technician.

The club had a varied amount of experience in attendance. One 14-year-old present had been a technician for over a year, and a new radio operator had his technician license for four weeks, in contrast there was also a gentleman who has been working with radios for more than 45 years.
colonyleader.com

22 February 2008

EU YouTube Video - RFID: The future begins now!

The Eurpopean Commission have put a video about Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on their YouTube page.

Much RFID currently operates in the Amateur Radio 70 cm band, 433.92 MHz, but other frequencies are also used. Unfortunately there is a lack is harmonisation around the world and there is no single standard frequency at UHF. Europe chose to use 865 - 868 MHz instead of the 902 - 928 MHz band used in North America.

2.45 GHz is available for RFID applications across much of the world but the high price of tags coupled with their limited range - just a few metres instead of up to 10 metres at UHF - has limited the use of that band.

The European Commission video description reads:
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that allows automatic identification and data collection through radio frequencies. RFID technology allows to follow products from production to consumer, to track lost luggage, identify real from counterfait medicines and much more.



The EU Commission has launched an online consultation on "implementation of privacy, data protection and information security principles in applications supported by RFID", see http://ec.europa.eu/yourvoice/ipm/forms/
dispatch?form=RFIDRec

RFID used to crack 'Secure' passports
http://www.southgatearc.org/news/november2006/
rfid_crack_secure_passports.htm

Source: www.southgatearc.org

BAGAIMANA NAK MASUK JALURAN DENGAN ADAB SOPAN

Tak kiralah anda berada di mana, yang penting anda memancar dari salah satu tempat lokasinya di dunia ni. Sama ada di rumah, dalam kereta atau apa pun situasi kecuali KECEMASAN.

PERTAMA: Sebelum menghidupkan Peralatan Radas anda, pastikan KESELAMATAN DULU (Safety First). Kalau di rumah psatikan semua peralatan berada dalam keadaan selamat termasuk pendawaian serta bekalan kuasa berada pada tahap yang sepatutnya (cth: 13.8v). Pastikan tetapan kuasa (Power Setting) pada kedudukan yang terendah (Low - H/L).

KEDUA: Selepas radas dihidupkan,
1. DENGAR (LISTEN)
2. DENGAR (LISTEN)
3. DENGAR (LISTEN)
4. DENGAR (LISTEN)
5. DENGAR (LISTEN)

SEKEJAP sekurang2nya satu pusingan kalau ada yang sedang bercakap (QSO). Jika tiada yang ke udara sama ada di Pengulang (Repeater) atau Frekuensi Simpleks (Simplex) buat panggilan pengesahan.

JANGAN dan JANGAN dan JANGAN lah buat panggilang "CQ" kat FM (di Pengulang atau Simpleks) nampak janggal sebab "CQ" selalu kat HF atau dalam "CW".

Jika ada stesen sedang ke udara INGAT berapa ramai stesen yang tengah QSO, "TANDA PANGGILAN (CALL SIGN)", NAMA dan Pusingan, kalau terlupa, tulislah stesen yang tengah QSO.... kalau tak boleh juga jangan masuk, dengar je. Jangan bagi alasan tak "ingat" atau "terlupa", JANGANlah main terjah je, tak elok macam tu praktikan supaya daya ingatan tu bertambah baik ia berguna masa kecemasan.

KETIGA: Jangan lah pakai perkataan "BREAK" bila nak masuk semasa stesen lain tengah ke udara, sebut je TANDA PANGGILAN (CALL SIGN) sekali lagi TANDA PANGGILAN (CALL SIGN) anda. Kalau nak masuk pun jangan pulak masa operator lain tengah bercakap tekan PTT dan cuba nak bercakap, kurang sopan namanya. Tindakan ini menyebabkan apa yang disampaikan tidak dapat diterima oleh lain-lain stesen, ia akan jadi bertindih (Doubling).

Tunggu dan sabarlah menanti 'PAUSE' pasti akan ada walaupun anda terpaksa menunggu satu hari satu malam untuk masuk ke jalur. Pada rakan yangsukar untuk memberi "PAUSE" pula saya mengingatkan belajar-belajarlah memberi "PAUSE" bukannya mahal, free je. Takkan kalau 4 orang 'on-air' seorang pun tak ingat nak bagi "PAUSE".

Senang je tips kalau terlupa nak bagi "PAUSE", bila anda teringat sebut je "MANA-MANA STESEN ATAU INFO TRAFIK, DIPERSILAKAN DISINI 9W2BBA, STANDING BY" atau "PAUSE KEPADA MANA STESEN".... kalau tak ada apa-apa terus je perbualan anda.

KE EMPAT: Ingat TANDA PANGGILAN (CALL SIGN) dan "PAUSE" Tiga (3) saat, dua perkara yang penting dalam adap sebagai seorang operator Radio Amatur!!!... Jangan lupa atau tak ingat, baca buku walaupun dah lulus, cari maklumat yang betul...

KE LIMA: Tinggalkan lah semua "Q"-"Q" ni kita dah puas Que (berbaris) dari sekolah rendah sampai besar, kat bank pun que kat jpj pun que kat mana2 lah semua que....

Tak payah lah susah nak ingat banyak sgt Q-Code ni, pemakaian "Q Code" tak dilarang dan tak salah, kalau boleh tak payah. Sebut je macam kita bercakap bahasa harian.

Ke ENAM: "Phonetic" perlu sebab buku panduan tertulis TANDA PANGGILAN (CALL SIGN) perlu dieja dengan Fonetik maka eja lah, tak menjadi masalah rasanya, kalau tak nak eja tak payah ambil exam RAE buat penat je, joint je pirate tak payah ada apa-apa AOP "Amateur Radio Operating Procedure".

Akhir Sekali, kalau nak merancakkan lagi aura radio amatur praktikanlah. Biar apa yang berlaku kalau ada sedikit perubahan merupakan permulaan untuk perubahan yang besar.

Terima Kasih

Disedut dari artikel 9w2bba dan diedit oleh 9w2aam

Patuhilah AOP dan SOP untuk kebaikan Komuniti Radio Amatur - de 9w2aam

The Origin of 73

The traditional expression "73" goes right back to the beginning of the landline telegraph days. It is found in some of the earliest editions of the numerical codes , each with a different definition, but each with the same idea in mind--it indicated that the end, or signature, was coining up. But there are no data to prove that any of these were used.

The first authentic use of 73 is in the publication The National Telegraph Review and Operators' Guide, first published in April 1857. At that time, 73 meant "My love to you!" Succeeding issues of this publication continued to use this definition of the term. Curiously enough, some of the other numerals then used have the same definition now that they had then, but within a short time, the use of 73 began to change.

In the National Telegraph Convention, the numeral was changed from the Valentine-type sentiment to a vague sign of fraternalism. Here, 73 was a greeting, a friendly "word" between operators and it was so used on all wires.

In 1859, the Western Union Company set up the standard "92 Code". A list of numerals from one to 92 was compiled to indicate a series of prepared phrases for use by the operators on the wires. Here, in the 92 Code, 73 changes from a fraternal sign to a very flowery "accept my compliments," which was in keeping with the florid language of that era.

Over the years from 1859 to 1900, the many manuals of telegraphy show variations of this meaning. Dodge's The Telegraph Instructor shows it merely as "compliments." The Twentieth Century Manual of Railway and Commercial Telegraphy defines it two ways, one listing as "my compliments to you;" but in the glossary of abbreviations it is merely "compliments." Theodore A. Edison's Telegraphy Self-Taught shows a return to "accept my compliments." By 1908, however, a later edition of the Dodge Manual gives us today's definition of "best regards" with a backward look at the older meaning in another part of the work where it also lists it as "compliments."

"Best regards" has remained ever since as the "put-it-down-in-black-and-white" meaning of 73 but it has acquired overtones of much warmer meaning. Today, amateurs use it more in the manner that James Reid had intended that it be used --a "friendly word between operators."


de 9w2aam 73

15 February 2008

Prosedur Operator Radio Amatur

Nasihat yang terbaik kepada Operator Radio Amatur yang baru lulus ujian RAE dan telah mendapatkan Lesen Peruntukan Radas (AA) mereka ialah dengan hanya menghidupkan radas dan mendengar.

Mendengar seberapa seberapa banyak perbualan (QSO) yang anda boleh. Mendengar bagaimana mereka ke udara dan cara mengendalikan transmisi mereka. Cari dan pelajari cara yang betul dan ambil sebagai panduan dan cara yang tidak sesuai dijadikan sempadan. Apabila anda rasa selesa dan yakin, hidupkan radas anda dan buat panggilan pertama anda. Anda akan merasa terkejut dan amat berpuas hati dengan panggilan pertama anda (panggilan/Kontek Perdana).

Sementara anda mendengar di jaluran dan memerhati serta memantau cara operator-operator berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain, sudah pasti anda akan terdengar operator-operator yang tidak mempamerkan cara pengendalian baik dan betul.

Sebagai seorang operator Radio Amatur yang terlatih, kita akan dapat membezakan mana yang baik dan mana yang buruk untuk diikuti.Bertanya itu adalah kunci untuk satu budaya yang baik dan dihormati. Jangan berasa malu untuk bertanya, ramai operator Radio Amatur sedia membantu.

Kita boleh kenal pasti mereka ini sebagai “Syok Sendiri” (SS), yang pastinya mereka tidak bersedia untuk ditegur jika tidak menampakkan usaha untuk mengubah cara mereka berkomuniksai semasa ke udara. Saya tidak pasti adakah sesuai gelaran ini untuk mereka, tapi yang pasti gelaran ini akan menjejaskan kredibiliti mereka sebagai salah seorang warga Radio Amatur.

Tidak ada sesiapa pun di antara kita yang ingin dikategorikan sebagai “SS”. Untuk memastikan perkara ini tidak berlaku kepada diri atau rakan-rakan ham, belajar dan praktikkan cara yang betul untuk memastikan anda sentiasa digemari dan dihormati bila ke udara.

Jadilah operator Radio Amatur yang berwibawa dan dapat memberi sumbangan kepada komuniti ham serta negara amnya. ALL THE BEST

Disedut dari website 9w2bba dan diedit oleh 9w2aam.

HAM RADIO 2008 - Get Ready!

Get ready for HAM RADIO 2008 in Friedrichshafen! The new webpage is online. You will find all relevant and up-to-date information concerning HAM RADIO 2008, hints for accomodation, registration for IARU societies/officials, useful information in general, the IARU Officials' Program etc.

Any questions should be directed to the DARC International Affairs Committee.

Please spread the word! de 9w2aam

08 February 2008

AMATEURS LEND A HAND AS DEADLY STORMS SWEEP ACROSS SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

At least 54 people were killed and hundreds injured Tuesday and Wednesday by dozens of tornadoes that plowed across Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Alabama in the nation's deadliest barrage of twisters in almost 23 years. In spite of the disasters, state and local emergency management officials once again discovered that they could call on Amateur Radio operators to help out and get communications up and going again after the infrastructure failed.

According to ARRL Southeastern Division Director Greg Sarratt, W4OZK, "Four people were killed in Alabama as the storms damaged homes, caused flooding and downed trees and power lines. North Alabama SKYWARN, ARES and scores of Amateur Radio operators were up all night long, providing vital communications to the National Weather Service and Emergency Management Agencies all across the region. Once again, Amateur Radio operators played a critical role before, during and after the storms. I am proud of the level of professionalism and critical information that these operators provided our served agencies."

Tennessee

Tennessee Section Emergency Coordinator Lowell Bennington, WD4DJW, said that approximately 25 hams in Madison County had participating in SKYWARN activities before the storm arrived; one ham actually spotted the twister. "Two hams reported to the Tennessee Emergency Management Agency-West, assisting in passing radio communication. A couple of hams assisted Madison County EMA in setting up their Mobile Command Post. On Wednesday, 10 teams were dispatched to do Damage Assessment. These teams were composed of 3 individuals, one of whom was an Amateur Radio operator," he said.

Bennington said that hams in Middle Tennessee "utilized our vast networks of linked 2 meter repeater systems as well as our UHF-linked system in support of the National Weather Service, Tennessee Emergency Management, law enforcement agencies and participating local EMA offices. Operators from Wilson County were dispatched to the Nashville NWS office and they operated from there until around 3:30 AM Thursday, giving and taking weather reports."

Alabama

Alabama ARES District 6 Emergency Coordinator Doug Hilton, WD0UG, said his area was hit hard by a fast-moving line of severe weather; District 6 covers the Northern counties of Alabama. Hilton contacted the NWS office in Huntsville early Wednesday regarding possible SKYWARN activation. "After discussing the situation with NWS personnel, it was decided that since this was going to be a long event, that would probably last all night, it was best not to tie up the local repeaters early on. I opened an informal SKYWARN net to get weather information out to the amateur community during the afternoon, and several Madison County hams participated in the net. We closed the net after about an hour and re-opened it that evening at 7," he said. Madison County ARES was activated that evening and other hams in the area joined in. Hilton said Northern Alabama has a linked-repeater system that covers all 10 counties during emergency conditions.

Hilton said hams were able to provide many timely situation reports, "and 'ground truth' is always the best indicator of reality. Many of the hams who stayed up all night were also prepared to leave their homes at a moment's notice to go anywhere in the District, if needed. The incredible teamwork of this ARES/SKYWARN team and the level of professionalism was something to behold."

Kentucky

Chris Shaw, W4BGN, Kentucky District Emergency Coordinator, said several confirmed tornadoes touched down throughout his state. "Kentucky hams activated weather nets, while others were out and about spotting for severe weather. Allen and Monroe Counties in South Central Kentucky were especially hard hit. Some repeaters lost power and hams quickly adapted, going to emergency simplex frequencies on 2 meters. The communications went very smooth and seemed to be beneficial to many. Hams worked throughout the night to help provide communications, especially to those areas without power."


Source: ARRL website
Edited by: 9w2aam

07 February 2008

ARISS to Conduct Simulation QSO between Astronauts and Students

Before each trip to the International Space Station (ISS), astronauts who hold Amateur Radio licenses are trained by a team of Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) members on ARISS procedures and how to use the onboard radios. To make this training more realistic for the astronauts, ARISS has arranged for crewmembers in training at Johnson Space Center to participate in two simulated ARISS contacts with a local Houston school.

Students at Bay Area Charter Elementary in El Lago, Texas will conduct two sessions on Friday, February 8 between 1545 UTC and 1610 UTC. According to ARRL ARISS Program Manager Rosalie White, K1STO, these times may fluctuate somewhat depending on how well training is going and crewmember availability. Astronaut Mike Fincke, KE5AIT, is scheduled to participate in the first event; Koichi Wakata, KC5ZTA, will participate in the second event.

White said this is the first (and second) time a school contact simulation training session has been conducted live where students are at the other end of the session. If this proves successful, she said it might be possible to conduct a handful of these sessions each year: "If things go well, this can increase somewhat our opportunities for schools. In the past, we found that kids were equally excited when their school's QSO was done with an astronaut sitting at Johnson Space Center's Amateur Radio station W5RRR [as opposed to a contact from space]." Simulations are not as predictable as on-orbit operations, so there is a slight chance the event might be postponed.

Source: ARRL website

06 February 2008

REPEATER 9M4RCB UP AND RUNNING

Satu lagi local repeater (homebrew) telah berjaya di naikkan di kawasan Karak/Bentong, Pahang iaitu di atas Bukit Telemong pada ketinggian 328 meter dari aras laut. Repeater ini merangkumi kawasan Karak, Bentong, Temerloh, Raub, Bera/Triang dan mungkin menjangkau sehingga ke Kuala Pilah (belum di cuba). Sesetengah kawasan di KL mungkin juga dapat di terima.

Callsign: 9M4RCB
Freq: 146.100, shift +0.6, tone 118.8
Kuasa: Solar
Tx Power: 10 Watt

Semua warga radio amateur di alu-alukan untuk mencuba.

73
9W2SHR/PR-SR

01 February 2008

MAKNA SEORANG KAWAN

1) kawan tu bukan macam main FUTSAL. Mula-mula kejar..dah dapat sepak...
2) kawan tu bukan macam main SKATE. Mula-mula gosok..lepas tu pijak..
3) kawan tu bukan macam main RAGBI. Mula-mula tangkap.. dah dapat tendang..
4) kawan tu bukannya macam PAMPERS.. dah pakai, buang..
5) kawan tu bukannya macam BARANG KEMAS.. Waktu baru beli pakai. Dah sengkek gadai.
6) kawan tu bukan macam PELANGI. Hari cerah takde..hujan gerimis baru muncul..
7) kawan tu bukan macam KERETA. Rosak sikit,jual.. ambik kereta baru..
8) kawan tu bukan macam CHIPSMORE.. sekejap ada sekejap tak..
9) kawan tu bukan macam BANK. Bila dah takde duit, pegi kat sana ambik.
10)lagi.....kawan tu macam apa ye???? Haa..kawan tu macam ANDA LA..
bila saya
hantar mesej, anda akan baca mesej saya dgn teliti sampai habis.

Walau apa pun tanggapan orang tentang kawan.. bagi saya, kawan tu penting.
Seorang kawan takkan biarkan kawan dia menangis, sedih, berduka dan
sebagainya. Kawan yg sejati adalah seorang kawan yang dapat diajak duduk
dan berbincang tentang pelbagai perkara. Yang penting, seorang kawan akan
sentiasa menghadiahkan senyuman kpd kawan-kawannya.. :)

ALL THE BEST